Prostatic enlargement can also be due to cancer. The symptoms of this are indistinguishable from the benign enlargement.

Diagnosis is made by a combination of physical examination, blood test (Serum prostate specific antigen) and biopsy. Once the diagnosis is established the next step is to stage the disease. 

Staging of prostate cancer treatment is done by CT / MRI scans of the abdomen. AS this cancer has a tendency to spread to the bones, a scan for bones is also important. The stages of prostate cancer could range from 1- 4.

Treatment depends upon the stage of the cancer

1.	Stage 1 - options are	Surgery
		Radiotherapy
2.	Stage 2 - options are	Surgery
		Radiotherapy
3.	Stage 3 - options are	Hormonal therapy
		Surgery after downstaging
		Radiotherapy after downstaging
4.	Stage 4 - options are	Hormonal therapy
		Chemotherapy

Surgery for prostate cancer involves removal of the entire prostate along with the seminal vesicles. The urethra is joined to the bladder directly. This takes care of the malignancy.

The operation can be performed by means of open surgery, laparoscopy, robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

Radiotherapy is the treatment of cancer by radiation which kills the cancerous cells. It is delivered by means of external radiation or brachytherapy. Although radiation does not involve any cut it can have many side effects. The results are also inferior to surgery.

Hormonal therapy is given to bring down the levels of the hormone testosterone which is responsible for the progression of prostate cancer. This treatment is reserved for advanced cancer and involves injections, tablets, removal of testicles(Bilateral orchiectomy).

Chemotherapy is reserved for advanced cases which become resistant to hormonal manipulation.